R and TM and C Trademark symbols

It seems like you're asking about the usage and significance of symbols like "R," "TM," and "C" in India, which relate to trademarks and copyrights. Here's what each symbol represents:

® (R with a circle around it): Registered Trademark:

When a trademark is registered with the appropriate government authority, such as the Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trademarks in India, the symbol "®" can be used. This symbol indicates that the trademark is officially registered and protected by law, and others are prohibited from using the same or similar mark for similar goods or services without permission.

™ (TM): Trademark:

The "™" symbol is used to indicate that a business or individual claims a trademark for a particular word, phrase, logo, or symbol. It does not necessarily mean that the trademark is officially registered, but it does show that the owner is asserting their rights to it.

© (C in a circle): Copyright:

The "©" symbol is used to indicate copyright protection. It is used to notify others that a creative work, such as a literary, artistic, musical, or software creation, is protected by copyright law. While copyright protection is automatic upon the creation of an original work, displaying the symbol serves as a notice to others and can be useful in legal proceedings.

Remember that proper usage of these symbols can help protect your intellectual property and notify others of your rights. However, it's important to follow the appropriate legal procedures, such as trademark registration or copyright registration, to fully enforce and protect your rights under Indian law.

For detailed and accurate information about trademarks and copyrights in India, including any updates or changes, I recommend consulting the official website of the Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trademarks (CGPDTM) or seeking advice from a legal professional specializing in intellectual property law.

Maternity Leave Policy in India

How long is paid maternity leave in India?

The Indian Maternity Benefit Act of 1961 outlines provisions for new mothers, ensuring their rights to paid leave for childbirth and maternity-related matters. According to this legislation, mothers are entitled to six months or 26 weeks of fully paid leave for their initial two children. Subsequent children warrant three months or 12 weeks of fully compensated leave, courtesy of the employer. The Act also safeguards pregnant employees and those who have recently given birth from discriminatory practices or unwarranted job termination.

Notably, the Act extends its protective umbrella to encompass commissioning and surrogate mothers. These individuals are eligible to receive their full maternity leave salary for an extensive duration of up to 180 days or 26 weeks. Additionally, the Act accommodates adoptive mothers, granting them a 12-week leave period that commences from the day of adopting a child aged under three months.

Is maternity leave fully paid in India?

In India, the Indian Maternity Benefit Act of 1961 mandates that female employees must receive their complete salary while on maternity leave. This legislation staunchly forbids any type of bias or employment decisions rooted in an employee's pregnancy or childbirth condition. Furthermore, employers have the flexibility to offer supplementary maternity benefits or extended leave periods based on the terms of the employment agreement or relevant statutory provisions.

The Act specifies that the employer is obligated to remunerate the female employee for a time span that commences on the day of childbirth and continues for a duration of six weeks, encompassing the very day of delivery. However, a crucial criterion for eligibility is that the employee must have rendered services for the employer for a minimum of 80 days within the twelve months preceding the delivery date in order to avail of these entitlements.

Can I take maternity leave at 6 months pregnant?

In India, the commencement of maternity leave for female employees is not tied to a specific date. Instead, the Maternity Benefit Act stipulates that a woman employee becomes eligible for maternity leave if she has completed eighty days of service within the organization during the preceding twelve months.

In 2015, a pivotal development occurred through the Sixth Central Pay Commission's proposal to extend the maternity leave period to six months for Central Government employees. This progressive suggestion was put into effect, aligning with directives issued by both the World Health Organisation and the Indian Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

Please be aware that there may have been updates or changes to these policies since my last knowledge update. It's recommended to refer to the latest official sources or consult with legal experts for the most accurate and up-to-date information on maternity leave policies in India.

YouTube video ideas

Here are 50 YouTube video ideas for various content niches:

1. Unboxing of popular products or gadgets.
2. Detailed tech and gadget reviews.
3. Life hacks to make daily tasks easier.
4. Compilation of funny or epic fails.
5. Top 10 lists on various interesting topics.
6. Health and fitness tips, workouts, and nutrition advice.
7. Local news updates and coverage of events.
8. Celebrity gossip and entertainment news.
9. Food and restaurant reviews, including taste tests.
10. Cooking tutorials and recipe demonstrations.
11. Kitchen hacks and cooking tips.
12. Behind-the-scenes videos showing your creative process.
13. Pranks and spoofs for comedic entertainment.
14. Makeup and beauty tutorials, product reviews, and makeup transformations.
15. Content related to comics and superheroes.
16. Travel vlogs and destination guides.
17. Dashcam and security camera footage analysis.
18. Comedy sketches, stand-up comedy, or funny skits.
19. Fashion and style advice, including outfit ideas and fashion hauls.
20. Haircare and hairstyle tutorials.
21. City tours showcasing the best spots in your city.
22. Horror-themed videos, like scary stories or haunted location exploration.
23. Sports coverage, highlights, and analysis.
24. Parodies of popular songs, movies, or TV shows.
25. Trailer and movie reaction videos.
26. DIY crafts and creative projects.
27. Sketching tutorials for art enthusiasts.
28. Music tutorials, including instrument lessons or music theory.
29. Dance tutorials and choreography breakdowns.
30. Videos featuring adorable babies or parenting tips.
31. Pet and animal-related content, such as pet care and funny animal videos.
32. Time-lapse videos of interesting processes or transformations.
33. Behind-the-scenes looks at your creative projects or daily life.
34. Tutorials on investing and personal finance.
35. Reviews of cars and motorcycles.
36. Gaming tutorials, walkthroughs, and gameplay commentary.
37. Participation in viral challenges or trends.
38. Educational videos on various subjects.
39. Reenactment tutorials for historical events or movie scenes.
40. Yoga tutorials for relaxation and flexibility.
41. Design tools tutorials for graphic designers and creatives.
42. Animated storytelling or animations.
43. Daily vlogging to share your daily experiences.
44. In-depth design tools tutorials for specific software.
45. Video editing and color grading tips.
46. Lifestyle advice, including productivity and personal development.
47. Magic tricks and illusions.
48. Destruction videos, like smashing objects or demolition.
49. Book reviews and recommendations.
50. Tips on advertising and marketing strategies.

Remember to choose a niche that you're passionate about and create content that resonates with your target audience to build a successful YouTube channel.

The Comprehensive Guide to Starting a Profitable Cloud Kitchen Business

In the wake of the digital age and the ongoing challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, cloud kitchens have emerged as a strategic solution to navigate high rentals and shrinking profit margins in the restaurant industry. Cloud kitchens, also known as dark kitchens, ghost kitchens, virtual restaurants, or satellite kitchens, have rapidly established themselves as a powerful restaurant format. Given the competitive landscape, rising costs, and the need for innovative solutions, cloud kitchens offer a smarter approach to running a successful restaurant business. In this guide, we'll delve into what cloud kitchens are and provide a step-by-step overview of how to open and run a cloud kitchen business in India in 2023.

Understanding Cloud Kitchens and Their Operations:

A cloud kitchen is essentially a restaurant kitchen that exclusively accepts online orders, with no provision for dine-in customers. These kitchens can either have their dedicated online ordering platforms or operate through various food delivery apps. Since the bulk of their revenue comes from online orders through platforms like Swiggy and Zomato, it's crucial to have a Point of Sale (POS) software that can efficiently manage orders from multiple sources, eliminating the need for manual order processing. Notable examples of cloud kitchens include Faasos by Rebel Foods, Hoi Foods, and Biryani By Kilo.

Steps to Launching a Cloud Kitchen in India:

Let's explore the key steps involved in opening a cloud kitchen business:

• Location Selection:                                                                                                     The cost-effectiveness of cloud kitchens primarily hinges on choosing the right location. Unlike traditional dine-in restaurants, cloud kitchens don't require high-traffic areas or extensive parking facilities. Focus on selecting a location with low rentals, proper sanitation, and water supply. Additionally, consider the demographics and demand for the type of food you intend to offer in your chosen area.
• Online Food Ordering Infrastructure:                                                                  Once you've decided on the location, you must establish the technology infrastructure for accepting online orders. Partner with online ordering and delivery platforms like Swiggy, Zomato, and Foodpanda, which handle order processing and delivery. Additionally, invest in a well-optimized website for your cloud kitchen, allowing customers to place orders online, and integrate it with your POS software for efficient order management.
• Obtaining Necessary Licenses:                                                                                  Procuring the requisite licenses is a critical aspect of setting up a cloud kitchen. Essential licenses include FSSAI license, GST registration, municipal health trade licenses, and fire licenses. Hiring an agency to handle the cumbersome permit application process is advisable. The total cost for these licenses is typically around Rs 10,000, excluding the FSSAI license.
• Kitchen Equipment, Raw Materials, and Packaging:                                            The investment in kitchen equipment and raw materials will vary based on the type of cuisine you offer. Efficient procurement of equipment, including electronic appliances and storage items, can significantly reduce costs. Consider sharing kitchen equipment across multiple brands if you plan to operate more than one from the same kitchen. Adequate packaging, branded with your restaurant's logo and theme, is essential to maintain food quality during delivery.
• Staffing:                                                                                                                          A well-functioning team is crucial to your cloud kitchen's success. Staffing requirements typically include at least two chefs, two assistants, and one housekeeper, with salaries commensurate with experience. For order management, hire two employees for delivery and one for order reception. Collaborate with third-party delivery services to minimize fixed labor costs.
• Uniforms and Safety Equipment:                                                                                  Implement a dress code for your cloud kitchen staff to maintain hygiene and discipline. Supply essential safety gear such as masks, hair caps, and gloves to ensure food safety.
• Point of Sale Technology:                                                                                                Effective order acceptance and tracking are essential for cloud kitchen operations. Choose a POS system tailored to your online ordering platform. Posist software is recommended for its hardware-independent, browser-based functionality, compatible with various devices.
• Miscellaneous Requirements:                                                                                        Ensure you have a landline, mobile phones, high-speed internet, stationery, and essential office furniture like counters and chairs. Consider a Cloud Telephony subscription to manage incoming calls and for training purposes.
• Marketing Strategies:                                                                                                      Marketing is critical for cloud kitchens since they rely on online presence for orders. Register your restaurant on review sites like Zomato, Swiggy, Uber Eats (Now merged with Zomato), Foodpanda, Dunzo, Tripadvisor, and Burrp to encourage positive reviews. Leverage social media, and allocate a budget for online marketing and advertising to attract customers effectively.
• Estimating the Startup Costs:                                                                               The cost of launching a cloud kitchen depends on various factors. On average, you'll need approximately Rs 30 lakhs to start a franchise unit. Expenses include rent, equipment, interiors, licenses, and staff salaries. Marketing activities, such as building a social media presence, branding, and packaging, will require additional funds.      
• Starting a Cloud Kitchen from Home:                                                        Starting a cloud kitchen from home can be challenging but feasible. Key considerations include kitchen size and equipment, food safety and hygiene, legal and regulatory requirements, logistics and delivery arrangements, and effective marketing and branding strategies.     

Conclusion:        

Cloud kitchens represent a promising opportunity in the evolving restaurant landscape. While they offer significant advantages in terms of cost savings and operational efficiency, success in this format requires careful planning, effective marketing, and a strong focus on customer satisfaction. As technology continues to transform the restaurant industry, cloud kitchens are poised for sustained growth and innovation.

Mastering Photoshop: Essential Shortcuts Every Designer Should Know

While there are many keyboard shortcuts in Adobe Photoshop, I can provide you with a list of 100 commonly used ones. These shortcuts are based on the version of Photoshop available as of my knowledge. Keep in mind that some of these shortcuts may vary depending on your version of Photoshop or your operating system. Here's the list:

General Shortcuts:

• Ctrl + N - New document
• Ctrl + O - Open file
• Ctrl + S - Save
• Ctrl + Shift + S - Save As
• Ctrl + W - Close file
• Ctrl + Q - Quit Photoshop
• Ctrl + Z - Undo
• Ctrl + Shift + Z - Redo
• Ctrl + X - Cut
• Ctrl + C - Copy
• Ctrl + V - Paste
• Ctrl + A - Select All
• Ctrl + D - Deselect
• Ctrl + T - Free Transform
• Ctrl + 0 - Fit to Screen
• Ctrl + 1 - 100% View
• Ctrl + + - Zoom In
• Ctrl + - - Zoom Out
• Spacebar - Hand tool (temporary)
• Ctrl + Spacebar - Zoom In (temporary)
• Alt + Spacebar - Zoom Out (temporary)
• F - Toggle full-screen mode

File Handling:

• Ctrl + Alt + Shift + N - New layer
• Ctrl + J - Duplicate layer
• Ctrl + E - Merge selected layers
• Ctrl + G - Group layers
• Ctrl + Shift + G - Ungroup layers
• Ctrl + / - Toggle layer visibility
• Ctrl + ] - Bring layer forward
• Ctrl + [ - Send layer backward

Selections:

• M - Marquee tool
• L - Lasso tool
• W - Wand tool
• Ctrl + Shift + I - Invert selection
• Ctrl + Shift + D - Deselect
• Ctrl + Shift + A - Reselect
• Q - Quick Mask mode
• Ctrl + Alt + R - Refine Edge
• Ctrl + Shift + J - New layer via copy
• Ctrl + Shift + X - New layer via cut

Brush and Painting:

• B - Brush tool
• E - Eraser tool
• Alt + Delete - Fill with foreground color
• Ctrl + Delete - Fill with background color
• D - Reset to default colors (black and white)
• X - Swap foreground and background colors
• Shift + [ - Decrease brush size
• Shift + ] - Increase brush size
• Shift + B - Cycle through brush tools
• [ - Decrease brush hardness
• ] - Increase brush hardness

Navigation and Views:

• H - Hand tool
• I - Eyedropper tool
• R - Rotate view tool
• Ctrl + 0 - Fit to Screen
• Ctrl + 1 - 100% View
• Ctrl + + - Zoom In
• Ctrl + - - Zoom Out
• Ctrl + Alt + 0 - Actual Pixels
• Spacebar + Ctrl - Temporarily switch to Hand tool
• Ctrl + Spacebar - Zoom In (temporary)
• Alt + Spacebar - Zoom Out (temporary)

Layers and Masking:

• Ctrl + Alt + Shift + E - Merge visible layers to a new layer
• Ctrl + Shift + N - New layer
• Ctrl + Alt + G - Create clipping mask
• Ctrl + Alt + E - Merge visible layers
• Ctrl + Alt + Shift + K - Flatten image
• Ctrl + L - Adjust levels
• Ctrl + M - Adjust curves
• Ctrl + B - Adjust color balance
• Ctrl + U - Adjust hue/saturation
• Ctrl + G - Create a group
• Ctrl + Shift + G - Ungroup
• Ctrl + / - Toggle layer visibility
• Ctrl + Alt + / - Toggle layer mask
• Ctrl + E - Merge selected layers

Text and Type:

• T - Text tool
• Ctrl + T - Free Transform text
• Ctrl + Enter - Commit text
• Ctrl + A - Select all text
• Ctrl + D - Deselect text
• Ctrl + H - Hide text bounding box
• Ctrl + Shift + > - Increase text size
• Ctrl + Shift + < - Decrease text size
• Ctrl + Alt + C - Character panel
• Ctrl + Alt + T - Transform text
• Ctrl + ] - Increase baseline shift
• Ctrl + [ - Decrease baseline shift

Filters and Effects:

• Ctrl + F - Apply last filter
• Ctrl + Alt + F - Apply last filter to a new layer
• Ctrl + U - Adjust Hue/Saturation
• Ctrl + L - Adjust Levels
• Ctrl + M - Adjust Curves
• Ctrl + B - Adjust Color Balance
• Ctrl + Alt + Shift + E - Merge all visible layers to a new layer

Miscellaneous:

• Ctrl + Shift + K - Crop tool
• Ctrl + Alt + Shift + S - Save for Web
• Ctrl + Alt + I - Image size
• Ctrl + Alt + C - Canvas size
• Ctrl + Alt + Shift + T - Transform again

Please note that these shortcuts are for Windows. If you are using a Mac, replace "Ctrl" with "Command" (⌘) and "Alt" with "Option." Also, Photoshop may have received updates since my last knowledge, so there may be new shortcuts or changes to existing ones in the latest versions.

Mastering Windows Shortcuts: Boost Your Productivity

Certainly! Here are 100 Windows shortcut keys that can help you navigate and use your computer more efficiently:

Basic Navigation and Windows Management:

• Windows Key: Open or close the Start menu.
• Windows Key + D: Show or hide the desktop.
• Windows Key + E: Open File Explorer.
• Windows Key + L: Lock your computer.
• Alt + Tab: Switch between open applications.
• Alt + F4: Close the currently active window.
• Windows Key + Tab: Open Task View (for Windows 10 and later).
• Ctrl + Shift + Esc: Open Task Manager.
• Windows Key + Left Arrow: Snap the active window to the left side of the screen.
• Windows Key + Right Arrow: Snap the active window to the right side of the screen.
• Windows Key + Up Arrow: Maximize the active window.
• Windows Key + Down Arrow: Minimize or restore the active window.
• Alt + Enter: Open properties for the selected file or folder.
• Ctrl + Alt + Delete: Access the security options menu (Lock, Switch User, Sign Out, Task Manager).
• Windows Key + Number (1-9): Open or switch to the corresponding taskbar application.
• Alt + Spacebar: Open the window menu for the active program.
• Alt + Enter (in Command Prompt): Toggle full-screen mode.
• Windows Key + PrtScn: Capture a screenshot and save it to the "Screenshots" folder.
• Alt + PrtScn: Capture a screenshot of the active window to the clipboard.
• Ctrl + Alt + Arrow (Up/Down/Left/Right): Rotate the screen orientation (for certain graphics drivers).
• Windows Key + Pause/Break: Open System Properties.

Clipboard and Text Editing:

1. Ctrl + C: Copy selected text or items.
2. Ctrl + X: Cut selected text or items.
3. Ctrl + V: Paste copied or cut text or items.
4. Ctrl + Z: Undo the last action.
5. Ctrl + Y: Redo the last action.
6. Ctrl + A: Select all text or items.
7. Ctrl + F: Open Find dialog in most applications.
8. Ctrl + S: Save the current document or file.
9. Ctrl + N: Open a new document or window.
10. Ctrl + O: Open a file or document.
11. Ctrl + P: Print the current document.

File and Folder Management:

1. F2: Rename selected file or folder.
2. Ctrl + Click (on multiple files/folders): Select multiple items.
3. Shift + Click (on a range of files/folders): Select a range of items.
4. Ctrl + Shift + N: Create a new folder.
5. Alt + Enter (on a file/folder): Open the properties of the selected file or folder.
6. Ctrl + W: Close the active window or tab.

Text Navigation and Editing Shortcuts:

1. Ctrl + Left Arrow: Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous word.
2. Ctrl + Right Arrow: Move the cursor to the beginning of the next word.
3. Ctrl + Backspace: Delete the previous word.
4. Ctrl + Delete: Delete the next word.
5. Ctrl + Home: Move the cursor to the beginning of the document.
6. Ctrl + End: Move the cursor to the end of the document.
7. Ctrl + Shift + Left/Right Arrow: Select text by word.
8. Shift + Left/Right Arrow: Select text character by character.
9. Ctrl + Shift + Home/End: Select text to the beginning or end of the document.
10. Ctrl + Shift + Esc: Open Task Manager.

Web Browsing Shortcuts:

1. Ctrl + T: Open a new tab in most web browsers.
2. Ctrl + N: Open a new browser window.
3. Ctrl + Tab: Switch between open tabs.
4. Ctrl + Shift + Tab: Cycle through tabs in reverse order.
5. Ctrl + W: Close the current tab.
6. Ctrl + F4: Close the current tab.
7. Ctrl + D: Bookmark the current page.
8. Ctrl + H: Open the browsing history.
9. Ctrl + J: Open the downloads history.

System and Accessibility Shortcuts:

1. Windows Key + U: Open Ease of Access Center.
2. Windows Key + "+" (Plus): Zoom in (Magnifier).
3. Windows Key + "-" (Minus): Zoom out (Magnifier).
4. Windows Key + Esc: Exit Magnifier.
5. Ctrl + Esc: Open the Start menu.
6. Windows Key + Spacebar: Change input language and keyboard layout.
7. Windows Key + Ctrl + Spacebar: Switch to the previous input language.

Taskbar and Start Menu Shortcuts:

1. Windows Key + B: Select the first item in the notification area.
2. Windows Key + E: Open File Explorer.
3. Windows Key + I: Open Settings.
4. Windows Key + X: Open the Quick Link menu (Windows 8.1 and 10).
5. Windows Key + S: Open Cortana/Search (Windows 10).
6. Windows Key + A: Open Action Center (Windows 10).

Media and Audio Shortcuts:

1. F5 (or Ctrl + R): Refresh the current window or webpage.
2. F11: Toggle full-screen mode in web browsers.
3. Windows Key + F: Open the Windows Feedback Hub (Windows 10).
4. Windows Key + G: Open the Xbox Game Bar (Windows 10).
5. Windows Key + K: Open the Connect panel (Windows 10).

Virtual Desktop Shortcuts (Windows 10 and later):

1. Windows Key + Ctrl + D: Create a new virtual desktop.
2. Windows Key + Ctrl + Left/Right Arrow: Switch between virtual desktops.
3. Windows Key + Ctrl + F4: Close the current virtual desktop.
4. Windows Key + Ctrl + F: Search for a virtual desktop.

Advanced and System Shortcuts:

1. Windows Key + R: Open the Run dialog.
2. Windows Key + P: Adjust display settings (projector mode).
3. Windows Key + U: Open the Utility Manager (Windows 7).
4. Windows Key + C: Open Cortana (Windows 10).

File Explorer Shortcuts:

1. Alt + Up Arrow: Go up one level in File Explorer.
2. Ctrl + Shift + N: Create a new folder in File Explorer.
3. Alt + Enter (on a file/folder in File Explorer): Open the properties of the selected item.

Dialog Box Shortcuts:

1. Tab: Move between items in a dialog box.
2. Shift + Tab: Move between items in reverse order in a dialog box.
3. Enter: Activate the selected button in a dialog box (usually OK or Apply).
4. Alt + Underlined Letter (in a dialog box): Activate the corresponding button (e.g., Alt + Y for Yes).
5. Esc: Close the current dialog box.

Windows Security Shortcuts:

1. Windows Key + L: Lock your computer.
2. Ctrl + Alt + Delete: Access the security options menu (Lock, Switch User, Sign Out, Task Manager).

Windows Help and Support:

1. F1: Open Help and Support.
2. Windows Key + F1: Open Windows Help and Support (Windows 10).

Narrator (Accessibility):

1. Ctrl + Win + Enter: Toggle Narrator (Windows 10).

Game Bar (Windows 10):

1. Win + Alt + G: Record the last 30 seconds (if enabled).

Print Screen (PrtScn) Shortcuts:

1. PrtScn: Capture the entire screen to the clipboard.
2. Alt + PrtScn: Capture the active window to the clipboard.
3. Windows Key + Shift + S: Open Snip & Sketch (Windows 10).

These are just some of the many keyboard shortcuts available in Windows. Using shortcuts can greatly enhance your productivity and efficiency when working with a Windows computer.

Mastering Excel: 100 Essential Shortcut Keys for Increased Productivity

Excel shortcut keys are a great way to increase your productivity and efficiency when working with spreadsheets. Here's a list of 100 Excel shortcut keys that can help you perform various tasks quickly:

Navigation and Selection:

1. Ctrl + Arrow Keys: Navigate to the edge of data regions.
2. Ctrl + Space: Select the entire column.
3. Shift + Space: Select the entire row.
4. Ctrl + A: Select the entire worksheet.
5. Ctrl + Shift + L: Toggle filters on/off.
6. Ctrl + F: Open the Find dialog box.
7. Ctrl + H: Open the Replace dialog box.
8. Ctrl + G: Go to a specific cell.
9. Ctrl + Page Up/Page Down: Switch between worksheets.
10. Ctrl + Home: Go to cell A1.

Editing:

1. F2: Edit the active cell.
2. Ctrl + Z: Undo.
3. Ctrl + Y: Redo.
4. Ctrl + C: Copy.
5. Ctrl + X: Cut.
6. Ctrl + V: Paste.
7. Ctrl + Alt + V: Paste Special.
8. Ctrl + D: Fill down.
9. Ctrl + R: Fill right.
10. Ctrl + - (Minus key): Delete selected rows or columns.

Formatting: 

1. Ctrl + B: Bold.
2. Ctrl + I: Italic.
3. Ctrl + U: Underline.
4. Ctrl + 1: Format cells dialog.
5. Ctrl + 5: Strikethrough.
6. Ctrl + Shift + L: Apply or remove filters.
7. Ctrl + Shift + + (Plus key): Insert new row/column.
8. Ctrl + 1: Format Cells dialog box.
9. Ctrl + 9: Hide rows.
10. Ctrl + 0: Hide columns.

Workbook and Worksheet Management:

1. Ctrl + N: New workbook.
2. Ctrl + O: Open workbook.
3. Ctrl + S: Save workbook.
4. Ctrl + P: Print workbook.
5. Ctrl + W: Close workbook.
6. Alt + E, S, V: Paste special values.
7. Alt + E, S, T: Paste special transpose.
8. Ctrl + Tab: Switch between open workbooks.
9. Ctrl + Page Up/Page Down: Navigate worksheets.
10. Alt + Page Up/Page Down: Move between worksheet tabs.

Formula and Function:

1. Alt + = (Equal key): AutoSum.
2. Ctrl + ` (Backquote key): Show/hide formulas.
3. F9: Calculate worksheets.
4. Shift + F3: Insert function.
5. Ctrl + Shift + Enter: Enter an array formula.
6. Ctrl + ` (Backquote key): Show/hide formulas.
7. F4: Repeat last action.
8. Alt + Enter: Start a new line in a cell.
9. F9: Recalculate all worksheets.
10. Alt + F8: Open the Macro dialog box.

Data Entry:

1. Alt + Down Arrow: Display auto-complete list.
2. Ctrl + ; (Semicolon): Enter current date.
3. Ctrl + Shift + ; (Semicolon): Enter current time.
4. Ctrl + Shift + ": Copy value from cell above.
5. Ctrl + ' (Apostrophe key): Copy formula from cell above.
6. Alt + Enter: Start a new line in a cell.
7. Ctrl + Space: Select the entire column.
8. Shift + Space: Select the entire row.
9. Ctrl + Shift + + (Plus key): Insert new row/column.
10. Ctrl + - (Minus key): Delete selected rows or columns.

View and Zoom:

1. Alt + W, F: Freeze panes.
2. Ctrl + F1: Show/hide ribbon.
3. Ctrl + 0 (Zero key): Hide selected columns.
4. Ctrl + 9: Hide selected rows.
5. Alt + W, V: Split window.
6. Ctrl + F6: Switch between open workbooks.
7. Ctrl + Page Up/Page Down: Switch worksheets.
8. Ctrl + Mouse Wheel: Zoom in/out.
9. Alt + H, O, I: AutoFit column width.
10. Alt + H, O, A: AutoFit row height.

Miscellaneous:

1. Alt + Enter: Start a new line in a cell.
2. Ctrl + K: Insert hyperlink.
3. Alt + Space: Open the window control menu.
4. F12: Save As.
5. Ctrl + F5: Restore window size.
6. Alt + F4: Close Excel.
7. Ctrl + F1: Hide/show ribbon.
8. F6: Switch between cells, worksheet, and ribbon.
9. Ctrl + F2: Print Preview.
10. Ctrl + Arrow Keys: Navigate within data.

These shortcut keys can significantly speed up your Excel tasks, whether you're entering data, formatting cells, or working with formulas. Practice using them to become more proficient in Excel.